What is PMDD?

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) that affects millions of people with a uterus, every month. PMDD is a real and debilitating condition that can significantly impact daily life, relationships, and overall well-being. If you are struggling with PMDD, know that you are not alone, and there are effective treatments available to help you manage your symptoms.

What are the symptoms of PMDD?

The symptoms of PMDD are similar to those of PMS, but they are much more severe and can interfere with one’s daily life. Common symptoms of PMDD include:

• Depressed mood

• Anxiety

• Irritability and anger

• Tension and mood swings

• Decreased interest in usual activities

• Fatigue

• Changes in appetite and sleep patterns

• Physical symptoms such as bloating and breast tenderness

• Concentration and memory difficulties

It's important to note that these symptoms usually start during the luteal phase of a person’s menstrual cycle, which is the time between ovulation and the start of the period. They typically subside within a few days after the onset of menstruation.

What are the causes of PMDD?

The exact cause of PMDD is not yet known, but it is thought to be related to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. Some research suggests that those with PMDD have an increased sensitivity to normal hormonal fluctuations, which can cause a severe reaction in the brain. Other factors that may contribute to PMDD include:

• Genetics: Some studies suggest that there may be a genetic component to PMDD, as those who have a family history of mood disorders may be more susceptible to PMDD.

• Neurotransmitter imbalances: Research suggests that imbalances in neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, may play a role in the development of PMDD.

• Chronic stress: Chronic stress can exacerbate the symptoms of PMDD and make them worse.

What are the treatments for PMDD?

There are several effective treatments for PMDD, including medications and lifestyle changes. The right treatment plan will depend on the severity of your symptoms and the impact they have on your daily life.

• Medications

Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are often used to treat PMDD. These medications work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can help improve mood and reduce symptoms. 

Other medications that may be used to treat PMDD include:

1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, to relieve physical symptoms such as cramping and bloating.

2. Hormonal birth control, such as oral contraceptives, to regulate hormonal fluctuations, GnRH agonists, which suppress ovulation and reduce symptoms.

• Lifestyle changes: In addition to medication, lifestyle changes can also help manage the symptoms of PMDD. These may include:

• Exercise: Regular physical activity can help improve mood and reduce symptoms.

• Stress management: Stress can worsen the symptoms of PMDD, so it's important to find ways to manage stress, such as through meditation, yoga, or therapy.

• Healthy diet: A balanced diet can help regulate hormones and reduce symptoms.

• Adequate sleep: Getting enough sleep can help improve mood and reduce fatigue.
• Therapy: For many, therapy can be a helpful addition to their treatment plan for PMDD. Talking to a mental health professional can help one better understand their symptoms and develop coping strategies to manage them. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) have been found to be especially effective in treating PMDD, as they help one identify negative thought patterns and behaviours that may be contributing to their symptoms and teach them new, more positive and effective ways of coping.

How do you cope with PMDD?

Living with PMDD can be challenging, but there are ways to manage and cope with your symptoms. Here are a few tips:

• Educate yourself: Learning as much as you can about PMDD can help you better understand your symptoms and find effective ways to manage them.

• Communicate with your loved ones: Letting your loved ones know about your condition and how they can support you can help reduce the stress and frustration associated with PMDD.

• Keep track of your symptoms: Keeping a journal of your symptoms and moods can help you identify patterns and triggers, which can be helpful in managing your condition.

• Take care of yourself: It's important to prioritise self-care and engage in activities that bring you joy and reduce stress.

Remember, PMDD is a treatable condition; with the right support, you can manage your symptoms and live a happy and fulfilling life.

PMDD is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people every month. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, those with PMDD can effectively manage their symptoms and reclaim control over their lives. If you think you may be struggling with PMDD, reach out to your healthcare provider and your therapist for a proper evaluation and to discuss the best course of treatment for you.

Sources

Mayo Clinic. (2021). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2021). Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).