What is Autism? Signs, Symptoms & Treatment

Is Autism a Mental Health Diagnosis

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects how an individual interacts with others and experiences the world around them. It is a complex and varied condition that can present differently in each individual. Though listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)—a handbook used by healthcare professionals to diagnose mental health conditions—autism is not a mental health disorder, but rather a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is possible, and even common, for people with autism and mental illness to coexist. However, developmental disorders and mental illnesses are defined, managed, and treated differently.

Autism is usually diagnosed in childhood. While the causes of autism are not well understood, research suggests that it may be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Signs of Autism: 

Signs of autism can vary widely, but some common indicators include:

• Difficulty with social interaction and communication: People with autism may have trouble understanding social cues, making eye contact, and expressing their thoughts and feelings. They may also struggle with conversation and have a limited ability to initiate or respond to social interactions.

• Repetitive behaviours and routines: Individuals with autism may have a strong need for routine and structure, and they may engage in repetitive behaviours, such as hand flapping, rocking, or lining up objects.

• Sensory sensitivities: People with autism may be particularly sensitive to sensory input, such as loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures. This can result in discomfort, distress, or even sensory overload.

• Limited interests or fixation on specific topics: Individuals with autism may have an intense and narrow focus on a particular interest or object, and they may become very knowledgeable about this subject.

Autism Treatment

There is currently no ‘cure’ for autism, but early intervention and treatment can greatly improve the outcome for individuals with autism.

Treatment for autism typically involves a range of therapies and interventions tailored to the individual’s specific needs and abilities. Some common interventions include:

• Behavioural therapy: This type of therapy can help individuals with autism learn new skills and improve their social interactions and communication abilities.

• Speech and language therapy: This can help individuals with autism improve their language skills and better understand and express their thoughts and feelings.

• Occupational therapy: This can help individuals with autism improve their fine motor skills, sensory processing, and overall daily living skills.

• Medications: In some cases, medications can be prescribed to treat specific symptoms associated with autism, such as anxiety, depression, or hyperactivity.

To learn more about psychiatric medication and how it can benefit you, read Psychiatric Medication: Everything You Need To Know

Everyone with autism is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. For families and caregivers of individuals with autism, it’s important to understand that this can be a difficult journey. However, with the right support, education, and resources, individuals with autism can lead fulfilling and meaningful lives. It can also be helpful for families and caregivers to educate themselves about autism and connect with others in similar situations.

Finally, it’s important to remember that individuals with autism are more than their diagnosis. They have their own unique strengths, interests, and personalities, and deserve the same respect, understanding, and opportunities as anyone else.

If you or your loved one is experiencing signs of autism, we encourage you to consult a therapist or a psychiatrist for professional support.